diff --git a/moshi/src/main/java/com/squareup/moshi/TypeLiteral.java b/moshi/src/main/java/com/squareup/moshi/TypeLiteral.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 6172a55..0000000
--- a/moshi/src/main/java/com/squareup/moshi/TypeLiteral.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 Google Inc.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package com.squareup.moshi;
-
-import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
-import java.lang.reflect.Type;
-
-/**
- * Represents a generic type {@code T}. Java doesn't yet provide a way to represent generic types,
- * so this class does. Forces clients to create a subclass of this class which enables retrieval the
- * type information even at runtime.
- *
- * <p>For example, to create a type literal for {@code List<String>}, you can create an empty
- * anonymous inner class: <pre>   {@code
- *
- *   TypeToken<List<String>> list = new TypeToken<List<String>>() {};
- * }</pre>
- *
- * <p>This syntax cannot be used to create type literals that have wildcard parameters, such as
- * {@code Class<?>} or {@code List<? extends CharSequence>}.
- *
- * @author Bob Lee
- * @author Sven Mawson
- * @author Jesse Wilson
- */
-public class TypeLiteral<T> {
-  final Class<? super T> rawType;
-  final Type type;
-  final int hashCode;
-
-  /**
-   * Constructs a new type literal. Derives represented class from type parameter.
-   *
-   * <p>Clients create an empty anonymous subclass. Doing so embeds the type parameter in the
-   * anonymous class's type hierarchy so we can reconstitute it at runtime despite erasure.
-   */
-  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  protected TypeLiteral() {
-    this.type = getSuperclassTypeParameter(getClass());
-    this.rawType = (Class<? super T>) Types.getRawType(type);
-    this.hashCode = type.hashCode();
-  }
-
-  /** Unsafe. Constructs a type literal manually. */
-  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-  TypeLiteral(Type type) {
-    if (type == null) throw new NullPointerException("type == null");
-    this.type = Types.canonicalize(type);
-    this.rawType = (Class<? super T>) Types.getRawType(this.type);
-    this.hashCode = this.type.hashCode();
-  }
-
-  /** Returns the type from super class's type parameter in canonical for}. */
-  static Type getSuperclassTypeParameter(Class<?> subclass) {
-    Type superclass = subclass.getGenericSuperclass();
-    if (superclass instanceof Class) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Missing type parameter.");
-    ParameterizedType parameterized = (ParameterizedType) superclass;
-    return Types.canonicalize(parameterized.getActualTypeArguments()[0]);
-  }
-
-  /** Returns the raw (non-generic) type for this type literal. */
-  public final Class<? super T> getRawType() {
-    return rawType;
-  }
-
-  public final Type getType() {
-    return type;
-  }
-
-  @Override public final int hashCode() {
-    return this.hashCode;
-  }
-
-  @Override public final boolean equals(Object o) {
-    return o instanceof TypeLiteral<?>
-        && Types.equals(type, ((TypeLiteral<?>) o).type);
-  }
-
-  @Override public final String toString() {
-    return Types.typeToString(type);
-  }
-
-  /** Returns a type literal for {@code type}. */
-  public static TypeLiteral<?> get(Type type) {
-    return new TypeLiteral<Object>(type);
-  }
-
-  /** Returns a type literal for {@code type}. */
-  public static <T> TypeLiteral<T> get(Class<T> type) {
-    return new TypeLiteral<T>(type);
-  }
-}
diff --git a/moshi/src/main/java/com/squareup/moshi/Types.java b/moshi/src/main/java/com/squareup/moshi/Types.java
index 0591724..0b3dc85 100644
--- a/moshi/src/main/java/com/squareup/moshi/Types.java
+++ b/moshi/src/main/java/com/squareup/moshi/Types.java
@@ -41,12 +41,22 @@ final class Types {
   private Types() {
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Returns a new parameterized type, applying {@code typeArguments} to {@code rawType}.
+   */
+  public static ParameterizedType newParameterizedType(Type rawType, Type... typeArguments) {
+    return new ParameterizedTypeImpl(null, rawType, typeArguments);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns a new parameterized type, applying {@code typeArguments} to {@code rawType} and
    * enclosed by {@code ownerType}.
    */
   public static ParameterizedType newParameterizedTypeWithOwner(
       Type ownerType, Type rawType, Type... typeArguments) {
+    if (ownerType == null) {
+      throw new NullPointerException("ownerType");
+    }
     return new ParameterizedTypeImpl(ownerType, rawType, typeArguments);
   }
 
@@ -334,7 +344,7 @@ final class Types {
         }
 
         return changed
-            ? newParameterizedTypeWithOwner(newOwnerType, original.getRawType(), args)
+            ? new ParameterizedTypeImpl(newOwnerType, original.getRawType(), args)
             : original;
 
       } else if (toResolve instanceof WildcardType) {
diff --git a/moshi/src/test/java/com/squareup/moshi/JsonReaderTest.java b/moshi/src/test/java/com/squareup/moshi/JsonReaderTest.java
index 000c679..f971889 100644
--- a/moshi/src/test/java/com/squareup/moshi/JsonReaderTest.java
+++ b/moshi/src/test/java/com/squareup/moshi/JsonReaderTest.java
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ import static com.squareup.moshi.JsonToken.NAME;
 import static com.squareup.moshi.JsonToken.NULL;
 import static com.squareup.moshi.JsonToken.NUMBER;
 import static com.squareup.moshi.JsonToken.STRING;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
@@ -337,7 +338,8 @@ public final class JsonReaderTest {
     try {
       reader.nextDouble();
       fail();
-    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    } catch (NumberFormatException expected) {
+      assertThat(expected).hasMessageContaining("NaN");
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/moshi/src/test/java/com/squareup/moshi/MoshiTest.java b/moshi/src/test/java/com/squareup/moshi/MoshiTest.java
index 77c7bd3..ac83735 100644
--- a/moshi/src/test/java/com/squareup/moshi/MoshiTest.java
+++ b/moshi/src/test/java/com/squareup/moshi/MoshiTest.java
@@ -568,8 +568,8 @@ public final class MoshiTest {
 
   @Test public void listJsonAdapter() throws Exception {
     Moshi moshi = new Moshi.Builder().build();
-    JsonAdapter<List<String>> adapter = moshi.adapter(new TypeLiteral<List<String>>() {
-    }.getType());
+    JsonAdapter<List<String>> adapter =
+        moshi.adapter(Types.newParameterizedType(List.class, String.class));
     assertThat(adapter.toJson(Arrays.asList("a", "b"))).isEqualTo("[\"a\",\"b\"]");
     assertThat(adapter.fromJson("[\"a\",\"b\"]")).isEqualTo(Arrays.asList("a", "b"));
   }
@@ -580,7 +580,8 @@ public final class MoshiTest {
     set.add("b");
 
     Moshi moshi = new Moshi.Builder().build();
-    JsonAdapter<Set<String>> adapter = moshi.adapter(new TypeLiteral<Set<String>>() {}.getType());
+    JsonAdapter<Set<String>> adapter =
+        moshi.adapter(Types.newParameterizedType(Set.class, String.class));
     assertThat(adapter.toJson(set)).isEqualTo("[\"a\",\"b\"]");
     assertThat(adapter.fromJson("[\"a\",\"b\"]")).isEqualTo(set);
   }
@@ -591,8 +592,8 @@ public final class MoshiTest {
     collection.add("b");
 
     Moshi moshi = new Moshi.Builder().build();
-    JsonAdapter<Collection<String>> adapter = moshi.adapter(
-        new TypeLiteral<Collection<String>>() {}.getType());
+    JsonAdapter<Collection<String>> adapter =
+        moshi.adapter(Types.newParameterizedType(Collection.class, String.class));
     assertThat(adapter.toJson(collection)).isEqualTo("[\"a\",\"b\"]");
     assertThat(adapter.fromJson("[\"a\",\"b\"]")).containsExactly("a", "b");
   }
diff --git a/moshi/src/test/java/com/squareup/moshi/TypesTest.java b/moshi/src/test/java/com/squareup/moshi/TypesTest.java
index b4e4c85..fa77ba1 100644
--- a/moshi/src/test/java/com/squareup/moshi/TypesTest.java
+++ b/moshi/src/test/java/com/squareup/moshi/TypesTest.java
@@ -28,36 +28,53 @@ import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 
 public class TypesTest {
-  @Test public void newParameterizedTypeWithoutOwner() throws Exception {
+
+  @Test public void newParameterizedType() throws Exception {
     // List<A>. List is a top-level class.
-    Type type = Types.newParameterizedTypeWithOwner(null, List.class, A.class);
+    Type type = Types.newParameterizedType(List.class, A.class);
     assertThat(getFirstTypeArgument(type)).isEqualTo(A.class);
 
     // A<B>. A is a static inner class.
-    type = Types.newParameterizedTypeWithOwner(null, A.class, B.class);
+    type = Types.newParameterizedType(A.class, B.class);
     assertThat(getFirstTypeArgument(type)).isEqualTo(B.class);
 
     final class D {
     }
     try {
       // D<A> is not allowed since D is not a static inner class.
-      Types.newParameterizedTypeWithOwner(null, D.class, A.class);
+      Types.newParameterizedType(D.class, A.class);
       fail();
     } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
     }
 
     // A<D> is allowed.
-    type = Types.newParameterizedTypeWithOwner(null, A.class, D.class);
+    type = Types.newParameterizedType(A.class, D.class);
     assertThat(getFirstTypeArgument(type)).isEqualTo(D.class);
   }
 
   @Test public void getFirstTypeArgument() throws Exception {
     assertNull(getFirstTypeArgument(A.class));
 
-    Type type = Types.newParameterizedTypeWithOwner(null, A.class, B.class, C.class);
+    Type type = Types.newParameterizedType(A.class, B.class, C.class);
     assertThat(getFirstTypeArgument(type)).isEqualTo(B.class);
   }
 
+  @Test public void newParameterizedTypeObjectMethods() throws Exception {
+    Type mapOfStringIntegerType = TypesTest.class.getDeclaredField(
+        "mapOfStringInteger").getGenericType();
+    ParameterizedType newMapType = Types.newParameterizedType(Map.class, String.class, Integer.class);
+    assertThat(newMapType).isEqualTo(mapOfStringIntegerType);
+    assertThat(newMapType.hashCode()).isEqualTo(mapOfStringIntegerType.hashCode());
+    assertThat(newMapType.toString()).isEqualTo(mapOfStringIntegerType.toString());
+
+    Type arrayListOfMapOfStringIntegerType = TypesTest.class.getDeclaredField(
+        "arrayListOfMapOfStringInteger").getGenericType();
+    ParameterizedType newListType = Types.newParameterizedType(ArrayList.class, newMapType);
+    assertThat(newListType).isEqualTo(arrayListOfMapOfStringIntegerType);
+    assertThat(newListType.hashCode()).isEqualTo(arrayListOfMapOfStringIntegerType.hashCode());
+    assertThat(newListType.toString()).isEqualTo(arrayListOfMapOfStringIntegerType.toString());
+  }
+
   private static final class A {
   }
 
@@ -85,17 +102,6 @@ public class TypesTest {
   interface StringIntegerMap extends Map<String, Integer> {
   }
 
-  @Test public void typeLiteral() throws Exception {
-    TypeLiteral<Map<String, Integer>> typeLiteral = new TypeLiteral<Map<String, Integer>>() {};
-    TypeLiteral<?> fromReflection = TypeLiteral.get(
-        TypesTest.class.getDeclaredField("mapOfStringInteger").getGenericType());
-    assertThat(typeLiteral).isEqualTo(fromReflection);
-    assertThat(typeLiteral.hashCode()).isEqualTo(fromReflection.hashCode());
-    assertThat(typeLiteral.toString())
-        .isEqualTo("java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Integer>");
-    assertThat(typeLiteral.getRawType()).isEqualTo(Map.class);
-  }
-
   @Test public void arrayComponentType() throws Exception {
     assertThat(Types.arrayComponentType(String[][].class)).isEqualTo(String[].class);
     assertThat(Types.arrayComponentType(String[].class)).isEqualTo(String.class);